Micropropagation Supports Reintroduction of an Apulian Artichoke Landrace in Sustainable Cropping Systems

Artichoke (Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus (L.) Fiori) is a perennial plant of the Asteraceae’s family native to Mediterranean basin. Italy has rich artichoke biodiversity, but many landraces are subjected genetic erosion caused by increasing use commercial varieties that more homogenous in production. An Apulian landrace ‘Troianella’ was established vitro valorize and provide high-quality material for propagation nurseries and, subsequently, cultivation production fields. The shoot proliferation tested on four different growth media, adding cytokinin (-6-benzylamminopurine (BAP-0.05 mg L−1). Among these, best results were achieved MS519-A BM media which MS macronutrients supplemented with additional doses CaCl2 MgSO4 (plus 120 L−1 190 L−1, respectively). In root induction obtained 10 Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) 30 g sucrose. Plants derived from tissue culture acclimatized greenhouse using mycorrhizal symbiosis increase survival during acclimatization phase improve their performance after transplanting field. Three arbuscular (AM) fungi (Septoglomus viscosum, Funelliformis mosseae, Symbivit, mix) added sterile substrate compared control without any AM fungal inocula. After 3 months, appearance substrates S. viscosum fungus or mix. supported development an efficient micropropagation protocol high quality sustainable farming endangered ’Troianella’ landrace.